Ad-Hoc Cross Layered Energy based on-demand Routing Protocol for MANETs

The design of efficient routing protocols for Ad hoc networks is a complex issue. These networks need efficient algorithms to determine ad hoc connectivity and routing. MANET aims not only to provide correct and efficient routes between pair of nodes but also to provide energy efficient route to maximize the life time of ad hoc mobile networks. In this paper, a dynamic energy conscious routing algorithm ACER where cross layer interaction is provided to utilize the energy related information from physical and MAC layers. This algorithm avoids the nodes which are having low residual energy. By maximizing the lifetime of mobile nodes routing algorithm selects a best path from the viewpoint of high residual energy path as part of route stability. The RTS/CTS transmission is a crucial step towards saving the energy of mobile nodes. In this scheme, the RTS/CTS transmission occurs after route discovery and route reply process but before the data transmission. BER at the end of a multi-hop route is calculated using the interference and noise level from physical layer. Routing is made after these information are collected from MAC layer. In this protocol, transmitter power is calculated after the initial transmissions based on the receiver power. The protocol is implemented for achieving quality of service (QoS) in terms of average energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and throughput.